Irving Oil
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| Type | Private |
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| Industry | Oil and Gas |
| Founded | 1924 |
| Headquarters | Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada |
| Key people | K. C. Irving, James, Arthur, and John E. Irving |
| Products | Fuels, Lubricants, Petrochemicals |
| Website | www.irvingoil.com |
Irving Oil is a gasoline, oil, and natural gas producing and exporting company. It is also one of the few energy companies in Canada to publicly support the Kyoto Accord. Irving Oil operates one large oil refinery. Company headquarters are in Saint John, New Brunswick.
Contents
History
Kenneth Colin (K.C.) Irving established Irving Oil Limited in 1924, when he was 25 years old. The first retailing location was in Bouctouche, New Brunswick. Irving moved to Saint John to open a Ford dealership and lubricants plant in 1924. The company expanded across the Maritimes through the 1930s, to Québec in 1940, Newfoundland in 1949, and to Maine in 1972. Irving is opening a station in Torrington, CT (April, 2011), which is approximately 100 miles from New York City.
In 1977, Irving became the first Canadian oil company to offer unleaded gasoline at its retail outlets. In the late 1990s it became the first oil company in Canada and one of the first in North America to offer gasoline with very low sulphur content, a fact which was recognized by many automobile manufacturers.
Refining
In 1960 the company built an oil refinery at Saint John in partnership with Chevron. Irving bought out Chevron's share of the refinery in the late 1980s and expanded the facility to become Canada's largest refinery, processing over 250,000 barrels per day (40,000 m3/d). In the late 1990s, the refinery was upgraded to create some of North America's lowest-emission petroleum.
The refinery is served by the Canaport Marine Terminal at Mispec, southeast of Saint John. The terminal was constructed in 1970 to handle crude oil, and is currently being expanded to handle liquefied natural gas (LNG).
Irving Oil announced in fall 2006 that it had purchased more land near Canaport and was examining the feasibility of constructing another 300,000 barrel/day refinery in the area to complement the modernized 1960s-era facility.[1] The company announced on July 24, 2009 that they will be indefinitely putting off the plans to build the second refinery.[2]
Distribution
Irving Oil's core retail area is in northeast North America and is well served by a network of regional ports and harbours in Atlantic Canada, Quebec and New England, while underserved by pipelines. Consequently the company economically transports much of its petroleum products to regional distribution terminals at ports throughout the region using its own fleet of coastal tankers.
In the 1990s, Irving Oil also took delivery of several Ultra Large Crude Carriers to deliver crude oil to the Saint John refinery from production locations in Venezuela, the Persian Gulf and the North Sea.
Irving Oil operates a large fleet of trucks to deliver petroleum from its distribution terminals to retail locations and also uses rail service.
Retail network
Irving Oil operates bulk furnace oil and propane outlets in most major centres across Atlantic Canada, New England and Quebec as well as select locations in eastern Ontario, almost all of which are supplied from its Saint John refinery.
Irving Oil also operates 769 gas stations in these jurisdictions. In recent decades, smaller stations have been closed and consolidated as newer, larger facilities are constructed - Irving owns many choice real estate locations in communities across northeastern North America, some of which are no longer used for gas retailing, and others being held in speculation of some future need. Older stations are typically franchise operations and still have automobile service and repair shops, which in recent years are branded by Meineke.
Convenience stores
Most of Irving Oil's corporate owned-and-operated stations also contain convenience stores. These locations operated as simply "Irving" stores until the late 1990s, when the "Mainway" banner ("Marché Mainway" in Quebec), appropriated from one of Irving's U.S. acquisitions, was introduced. By the early 2000s, the company's Quebec locations had been leased to the Couche-Tard chain and rebranded accordingly. At the same time, Irving began to renovate and rebrand its old "Mainway" stations under the name "Bluecanoe" as part of the company's modernization plan. The Bluecanoe brand was first introduced in New England and was spread to stores in Ontario and the Atlantic provinces; however, many other were not upgraded and retained the older name.
On May 8, 2008, Irving announced that they would lease its remaining retail sites in Canada and New England to Alimentation Couche-Tard, which is now the process of rebranding all of the stores as Circle K. Irving will continue to own the stations and supply their fuel, and the gasoline brand at these stations will remain "Irving". Irving locations in Quebec are expected to retain the "Couche-Tard" banner.
Irving Bluecanoe locations in New England often contain an Amato's eXpress, Subway, or Quiznos.
Big Stops
Irving Oil also operates several "Big Stops", which are truck stops featuring family restaurants, facilities for truck drivers, and convenience stores. These large stations are located at strategic locations throughout New England, the Maritimes, Quebec and Newfoundland.
They occupy several hectares near important highway interchanges and junctions and have been developed since the 1970s; some of the oldest Big Stops are still in operation with the interiors being evocative of that era. These locations, aside from their convenience store operations, continue to be operated by Irving Oil.
In the past decade, Irving Oil has opened several new Big Stops in New Brunswick to reflect the modernized and realigned arterial highway network in that province, and these facilities contain restaurants that have their own name and identity which are often reflective of the local area. The first modern Big Stop is in Salisbury, and its restaurant is called "The Silver Fox"; the second one to open was in Lincoln and has a restaurant called "The Blue Canoe"; and the newest one is in Grand Falls with a restaurant called "The Back Forty".
Criticisms
Irving Oil and J.D. Irving Ltd. are private companies that are closely held by the Irving family. As a result, there isn't as much public information available on the company as there would be for a publicly traded organization. Like most oil companies, Irving Oil has a vertically integrated structure, although its structure isn't as comprehensive in its vertical integration as other oil businesses, such as ExxonMobil.[citation needed]
Examples of vertical integration within the "Irving Group of Companies" (as the Irving family refers to their holdings) include the acquisition or formation of businesses along the entire chain of production, from the Irving refinery (an Irving Oil subsidiary) and its retail outlets, to the transportation subsidiaries of J.D. Irving (RST, Midland, NB Southern, Sunbury), to various construction and engineering companies that assist in building, maintaining and expanding the conglomerate's facilities. Further examples of vertical integration within the conglomerate include Industrial Security Ltd. (ISL), the wholly owned security company that guards facilities, as well as industrial suppliers such as Thornes, Universal Sales and Commercial Equipment Ltd. which provide specialty goods and services to its companies.
J.D. Irving, the sister firm to Irving Oil, is a dominant forestry company in northeastern North America, growing trees, harvesting trees and producing lumber, pulp and paper, and various enhanced value products such as newsprint, tissue, and personal care products. JDI also owns Brunswick News which controls most English-language newspapers in New Brunswick, as well as Acadia Broadcasting which owns several radio stations in the Maritimes.
The Dominion newspaper, an independent Canadian newspaper, has criticized Irving's ownership of the New Brunswick Papers, as well as the papers' journalistic integrity, particularly when reporting on companies controlled by the Irving family such as Irving Oil.[3]
The city of Saint John, where Irving Oil is located, is closely tied to the Irving Group of Companies which are mostly headquartered there. In 2005, Irving Oil received a controversial tax break from the municipality to develop the Canaport LNG (liquid natural gas) terminal; it was apparently negotiated one-on-one with the city's then-mayor Norm MacFarlane.[4] However, this is a very common practice across North America and Europe. Municipalities often negotiate directly with major tax payers such as corporations in order to ensure that these businesses don't move to other cities with more favorable tax conditions.
There was also conflict in Saint John over the proposed construction of a natural gas pipeline that was to cross through a major municipal park. However, it is unknown if there would be any health risks to the community.
There have also been accusations of Irving family political patronage, notably involving Allan Rock and Claudette Bradshaw of the Liberal Party of Canada.[5]
Incidents
The Irving Whale, an oil barge owned by Irving Oil's sister firm J.D. Irving Ltd., was carrying a cargo of 4300 tons of No. 6 fuel oil for Irving Oil when it sank in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in September 1970, causing a large initial oil spill and subsequent leaks for the next 26 years until it was salvaged by the federal government.
In 1998 an experienced worker at the Irving Oil Refinery was killed when a pressurized vessel exploded. In 2000 a contractor was killed at the Irving Oil Refinery when he fell out of a cherry picker bucket.[citation needed]
In 2008 a construction worker died at the Canaport LNG facility after falling inside a tank; Canaport LNG is a joint venture between Irving Oil and Repsol YPF.[citation needed]
See also
References
- ↑ CBC News, "Irving Oil plans second refinery for Saint John", October 4, 2006
- ↑ CBC News, "Irving shelves 2nd Saint John refinery", July 24, 2009
- ↑ The Dominion, "Freedom of the Press is for Those Who Own One", November 10, 2003
- ↑ CBC News, Mayor defends tax deal with Irving", March 3, 2006
- ↑ National Post, "Rock disregarded ethics ruling to advance Irvings' cause" October 20, 2003
External links
- Official website
- Canaport LNG
- http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-70-525-2610/disasters_tragedies/irving_whale/clip6
- http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2006/10/04/nb-newrefinery.html
- http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2005/06/07/irving-050607.html
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