Template:Cite journal

50px Template documentation

Redirects: {{Cite Journal}} {{Citejournal}} {{Cite magazine}} {{Cite magazine article}} {{Cite paper}} {{Citepaper}} {{Cite document}}

Cite journal is a template used to format references to articles in magazines and academic journals and for academic papers in a consistent and legible manner. It can be placed within <ref>...</ref> tags for in-line citations or directly as an entry in the References section. See also: Help:Footnotes.

{{Cite journal}} is intended for papers in journals, which are issued periodically and have volume and (usually) issue numbers. It is not intended for conference proceedings, which should be cited with {{Cite conference}}. Nor is it intended for articles in edited books or in encyclopedias or similar collections, which should be cited with {{Cite encyclopedia}} (which, despite its name, applies to all edited collections, not only encyclopedias).

Easier ways of citing are available. If the paper:

• has a DOI, {{cite doi}} can be used,
• is stored in JSTOR, {{cite jstor}} can be used,
• is listed on PubMed, {{cite pmid}} can be used.

Usage

All field names must be lowercase. Unused fields should be removed, rather than left blank.

Common parameters, horizontal format

• {{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |publisher= |doi= |url= |accessdate= }}

Common parameters for Vancouver system citations

• {{cite journal |author= |year= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |publisher= |doi= |pmid= |pmc= |url= |accessdate= }}

All parameters, horizontal format

• {{cite journal |last= |first= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |title= |trans_title= |journal= |volume= |series= |issue= |page= |pages= |at= |chapter= |location= |publisher= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |language= |format= |arxiv= |id= |isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmc= |bibcode= |doi= |accessdate= |url= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |laysource= |laysummary= |laydate= |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript= }}

All Parameters Using lastname, firstname	All Parameters Using author	Common Parameters Using lastname, firstname	Common Parameters Using author
{{cite journal | last1 = | first1 = | authorlink1 = | last2 = | first2 = | authorlink2 = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | date = | year = | month = | title = | trans_title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | series = | pages = | location = | publisher = | language = | format = | arxiv = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | accessdate = | url = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | laysource = | laysummary = | laydate = | quote = | ref = | separator = | postscript = }}	{{cite journal | author = | authorlink = | editor = | editor-link = | date = | year = | month = | title = | trans_title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | series = | pages = | location = | publisher = | language = | format = | arxiv = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | accessdate = | url = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | laysource = | laysummary = | laydate = | quote = | ref = | separator = | postscript = }}	{{cite journal | last1 = | first1 = | authorlink1 = | last2 = | first2 = | authorlink2 = | year = | month = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | location = | publisher = | format = | arxiv = | id = | bibcode = | doi = | accessdate = | url = }}	{{cite journal | author = | authorlink = | editor = | editorlink = | year = | month = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | location = | publisher = | format = | arxiv = | id = | bibcode = | doi = | accessdate = | url = }}

Result (using lastname, firstname)

Result (using author)

Examples

Formal citation

{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Joseph III |title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma |journal=The Saints' Herald |volume=26 |year=1879 |month=October |page=289}}

Vancouver style (common in biomedicine)

{{cite journal |author=Bannen RM, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright SJ, Mitchell JC |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–43 |year=2008 |pmid=18723523 |pmc=2562006 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339 }}

Include URL link to free-article, pre-print or abstract; also supply access date unless the URL is known to be stable.

{{cite journal |journal= Energy Policy |year=2008 |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1858–1866 |title= Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review |author=Aries, Myriam B. C.; and Newsham, Guy R. |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021 |url=http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc49212/nrcc49212.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=September 1, 2009 }}

Specify the DOI to provide a permanent link. Also give the PMID abstract for medical articles, and the URL if the article is free. PubMed Central free full-text repository links may also be supplied and will link the title if URL not specified, else as additional linked PMC value at the end of the citation

{{cite journal |author=Viollet, Benoit; Andreelli, Fabrizio; Jørgensen, Sebastian B.; ''et al.'' |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–8 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12511592 |pmc=151837 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |url=http://www.jci.org/articles/view/16567 }}

Whereas if the url had not been specified, then the title is linked to PubMed Central's copy of the article and no duplicate PMC link is shown for compactness:

{{cite journal |author=Viollet, Benoit; Andreelli, Fabrizio; Jørgensen, Sebastian B.; ''et al.'' |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–8 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12511592 |pmc=151837 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |url= }}

If the doi link is broken, then use of the doi_brokendate parameter unlinks the doi value, indicates when the doi-problem was first noticed, and will also add the page to "Category:Pages with DOIs broken since YYYY":

{{cite journal |author=Viollet, Benoit; Andreelli, Fabrizio; Jørgensen, Sebastian B.; ''et al.'' |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–8 |year=2003 |month=January |pmid=12511592 |pmc=151837 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |doi_brokendate=June 18, 2008 |url= }}

If the article is in a foreign language, and the original title is unknown

{{cite journal |author=Huang, Y.; Lu, J.; Shen, Y.; and Lu, J. |trans_title=The protective effects of total flavonoids from ''Lycium barbarum'' L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats |language=Chinese |journal=Wei Sheng Yan Jiu |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=115–6 |year=1999 |month=March |pmid=11938998 }}

Other examples

{{cite journal |last=Fowler |first=Martin |authorlink=Martin Fowler |coauthors=Beck, Kent |title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma |journal=The Saints' Herald |volume=26 |year=1879 |month=October |pages=289}}

{{cite journal |first=W. Hugh |last=Woodin |title=The Continuum Hypothesis, Part I |journal=Notices of the AMS |volume=48 |issue=6 |year=2001 |pages=567–576 |location=Providence, RI |publisher=American Mathematical Society |url=http://www.ams.org/notices/200106/fea-woodin.pdf |format=PDF |issn=1088-9477 |oclc=34550461 }}

{{cite journal |title=Disney Releases 10 Titles on Laser Videodisc |year=1982 |journal=VIDEODISC/VIDEOTEX |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=175}}

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

• parent
• OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
  • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata; see Wikipedia:COinS.

• Be careful using templates within the citation template, as many will add a lot of extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the meta-data.
  • Known templates that should not be used: {{smallcaps}}.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.); this can be an issue when the last field in an abbreviation or initial with a period, as two periods then display. The only solution is to not include the last period in the value for the set of fields.

Description

Authors

• last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use last to include the same format as the source.
  • first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use authorlink instead.
  • OR: for multiple authors, use first1, last1 through first9, last9 for up to nine authors. By default, if nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and "et al." will show in place of the last author.

• authorlink: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink.
• OR: for multiple authors, use authorlink1 through authorlink9.

Aliases: last, last1, author, authors; last1, author1 through last9, author9.

• others: To record other contributors to the work, such as "Illustrated by Smith" or "Trans. Smith".

When using Shortened footnotes or Parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one parameter else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Title

• title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displayed in quotes.
  • trans_title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displayed in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans_title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.

Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.

newline	[	]	|
space	[	]	|

• language: The language the source is written in, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name. Use the full language name; do not use icons or templates.

Periodical

• work: Name of the periodical. Displays in italics. Aliases: work, journal, periodical, magazine
  • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically.

When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters:

title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.

chapter is italicized and is not enclosed in quotes.

location and publisher are enclosed in parentheses.

page and pages do not show p. or pp.

edition does not display.

Date

• date: Full date of source being referenced; in same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Displayed after the authors and enclosed in parentheses; if there is no author, then displayed after publisher.
• OR: year: Year of source being referenced.
  • month: Name of the month of publication. If you also have the day, use date instead; do not wikilink.
  • origyear: Original publication year; displayed after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics; example: |origyear=First published 1859 or |origyear=Composed 1904.

Publisher

• publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. Not normally included for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Displays after title; if work is defined, then publisher and location are enclosed in parentheses.
• location: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location (examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India). Displays preceding publisher.
• publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.

Edition, series, volume

• edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised" etc. Displays " ed." after this field, so |edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.

• series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.

• volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displayed in bold after the title and series fields; if bolding is not desired, then include the volume information in the title field.

In-source locations

• page: Page in the source that supports the content. Displays preceded with <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">​p.​</syntaxhighlight> unless |nopp=y or work is defined.
• OR: pages: Pages in the source that supports the content; separate page ranges with an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded with <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">​pp.​</syntaxhighlight> unless |nopp=y or work is defined.
  • nopp: Set to y to suppress the <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">​p.​</syntaxhighlight> or <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">​pp.​</syntaxhighlight> notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover.
• OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=.

Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.

URL

• url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Do not link to any commercial booksellers such as Amazon.com; see WP:PAGELINKS. If url is not defined but pmc is, then url is set to the pmc link.
  • Embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this is in the future, then then url is not set to the pmc link until that date.
  • accessdate: Full date when URL was accessed; use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
  • archiveurl: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite and the Internet Archive; requires archivedate.
    • archivedate: Date when the item was archived; use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
    • deadurl: To change the order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end, set |deadurl=no.
  • template doc demo: The archive parameters have error checking to ensure that all the required parameters are included, else {{citation error}} is invoked. On errors, main, help and template pages are placed into Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set |template doc demo=true to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
• format: Format of the work referred to by url; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; HTML is implied and should not be specified; displayed in parentheses after title.

URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme: http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; irc://, ircs://, ftp://, news:, mailto: and gopher:// will require a plugin or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters they will display and link incorrectly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace these characters:

sp	"	'	<	>	[	]	|	}
%20	%22	%27	%3c	%3e	%5b	%5d	%7c	%7d

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; but unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; but an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

Anchor

• ref: ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The special value |ref=harv generates an anchor suitable for the {{harv}} template; see anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

• id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.

• arxiv: ArXiv.
• asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number.
  • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: co.jp, co.uk, ca, cn, fr, de, it, es
• bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; example: 1924MNRAS..84..308E.
• doi: Digital object identifier; example: 10.1038/news070508-7; checked to ensure it begins with <syntaxhighlight lang="text" enclose="none">​10.​</syntaxhighlight>; if not an error shows and the page is placed in Category:Pages with DOI errors.
  • doi_brokendate: Date the DOI is broken; use the same format as other dates in the article.
• isbn: International Standard Book Number such as 978-0812695939; see Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN. Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the 13-digit ISBN where possible; this can normally be found beneath the barcode as a number beginning 978 or 979. For sources with the older 9 digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus SBN 812695-93-3 should be entered as |isbn=0812695-93-3.
• issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an N-dash or a space.
• jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik.
• jstor: JSTOR abstract.
• lccn: Library of Congress Control Number.
• mr: Mathematical Reviews.
• oclc: Online Computer Library Center.
• ol: Open Library.
• osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information.
• pmc: PubMed Central article number for full-text free repository of an article.
• pmid: PubMed Unique Identifier.
• rfc: Request for Comments.
• ssrn: Social Science Research Network.
• zbl: Zentralblatt MATH.

Quote

• quote: Relevant text quoted from the source; enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation.

Editors

• editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source.
  • editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead.
  • OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-first, editor1-last through editor4-first, editor4-last for up to four editors.

• editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink.
• OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-link through editor4-link.

Display:

If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.

If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."; more than three editors will be followed by "et al., eds."

Laysummary

• laysummary: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary".
  • laysource: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash.
  • laydate: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses.

Display options

• author-mask: Replaces the name of the first author with a strike-through dash (—) author-mask em in length. If |author-mask=1 then the dash will be one em in length and so on. Set author-mask to a text value to display a word instead:– for example, 'with'. You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use in bibliographies for some styles where multiple works by a single author are listed. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control as to the order that references will display.
• author-name-separator: Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space (, ); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.
• author-separator: Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space (; ); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; a space must be encoded as   do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.
• display-authors: By default, the number of authors displayed is limited to 8; if 9 are provided, the ninth is displayed as "et al." This parameter allows display of fewer authors before the "et al."; example: |display-authors=2; if there are 8 or fewer authors, then "et al." may be suppressed by setting |display-authors=9.
• lastauthoramp: When set to any value, changes the separator to use between the last two names in lists of authors to an ampersand (&); defaults to a semicolon and space (; ), else |author-separator= if set.
• postscript: The closing punctuation for the citation; defaults to a period (.); if the parameter is present, but blank, no terminating punctuation will be used. Ignored if |quote= is specified.
• separator: The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to a period (.); if the parameter is present, but blank, no separator punctuation will be used; do not use an asterisk (*), colon (:) or hash (#) as they will be interpreted as wikimarkup.

Notes

Although it may appear redundant to include multiple ids for articles, it is helpful for many editors who only have access to a certain resource. If only one ID is to be included, the DOI should be used, as this is the universal standard preferred by professional publications. Specifying a link as a doi, pmid etc is always preferable to including it as a url parameter, as it makes it clear that the link is accurate and stable, but not necessarily openly accessible.

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