List of additives for hydraulic fracturing
In the U.S., about 750 compounds have been listed as additives for hydraulic fracturing in a report to the US Congress in 2011.[1] The following is a partial list of the chemical constituents in additives used in fracturing operations, as indicated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.[2]
| CAS Number | Chemical Constituent |
|---|---|
| 2634-33-5 | 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-2-one / 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one |
| 95-63-6 | 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene |
| 123-91-1 | 1,4-Dioxane |
| 3452-07-1 | 1-eicosene |
| 629-73-2 | 1-hexadecene |
| 112-88-9 | 1-octadecene |
| 1120-36-1 | 1-tetradecene |
| 10222-01-2 | 2,2 Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, a biocide |
| 27776-21-2 | 2,2'-azobis-{2-(imidazlin-2-yl)propane}-dihydrochloride |
| 73003-80-2 | 2,2-Dibromomalonamide |
| 15214-89-8 | 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid sodium salt polymer |
| 46830-22-2 | 2-acryloyloxyethyl(benzyl)dimethylammonium chloride |
| 52-51-7 | 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol |
| 111-76-2 | 2-Butoxy ethanol |
| 1113-55-9 | 2-Dibromo-3-Nitriloprionamide (2-Monobromo-3-nitriilopropionamide) |
| 104-76-7 | 2-Ethyl Hexanol |
| 67-63-0 | 2-Propanol / Isopropyl Alcohol / Isopropanol / Propan-2-ol |
| 26062-79-3 | 2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-chloride, homopolymer |
| 9003-03-6 | 2-propenoic acid, homopolymer, ammonium salt |
| 25987-30-8 | 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with 2 p-propenamide, sodium salt / Copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate |
| 71050-62-9 | 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with sodium phosphinate (1:1) |
| 66019-18-9 | 2-propenoic acid, telomer with sodium hydrogen sulfite |
| 107-19-7 | 2-Propyn-1-ol / Propargyl alcohol |
| 51229-78-8 | 3,5,7-Triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane, 1-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-chloride, |
| 115-19-5 | 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol |
| 127087-87-0 | 4-Nonylphenol Polyethylene Glycol Ether Branched / Nonylphenol ethoxylated / Oxyalkylated Phenol |
| 64-19-7 | Acetic acid |
| 68442-62-6 | Acetic acid, hydroxy-, reaction products with triethanolamine |
| 108-24-7 | Acetic Anhydride |
| 67-64-1 | Acetone |
| 79-06-1 | Acrylamide |
| 38193-60-1 | Acrylamide - sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate copolymer |
| 25085-02-3 | Acrylamide - Sodium Acrylate Copolymer or Anionic Polyacrylamide |
| 69418-26-4 | Acrylamide polymer with N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride |
| 15085 | -02-3 Acrylamide-sodium acrylate copolymer |
| 68551-12-2 | Alcohols, C12-C16, Ethoxylated (a.k.a. Ethoxylated alcohol) |
| 64742-47-8 | Aliphatic Hydrocarbon / Hydrotreated light distillate / Petroleum Distillates / Isoparaffinic Solvent / Paraffin Solvent / Napthenic Solvent |
| 64743-02-8 | Alkenes |
| 68439-57-6 | Alkyl (C14-C16) olefin sulfonate, sodium salt |
| 9016-45-9 | Alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants |
| 1327-41-9 | Aluminum chloride |
| 73138-27-9 | Amines, C12-14-tert-alkyl, ethoxylated |
| 71011-04-6 | Amines, Ditallow alkyl, ethoxylated |
| 68551-33-7 | Amines, tallow alkyl, ethoxylated, acetates |
| 1336-21-6 | Ammonia |
| 631-61-8 | Ammonium acetate |
| 68037-05-8 | Ammonium Alcohol Ether Sulfate |
| 7783-20-2 | Ammonium bisulfate |
| 10192-30-0 | Ammonium bisulfite |
| 12125-02-9 | Ammonium chloride |
| 7632-50-0 | Ammonium citrate |
| 37475-88-0 | Ammonium Cumene Sulfonate |
| 1341-49-7 | Ammonium hydrogen-difluoride |
| 6484-52-2 | Ammonium nitrate |
| 7727-54-0 | Ammonium Persulfate / Diammonium peroxidisulphate |
| 1762-95-4 | Ammonium Thiocyanate |
| 7664-41-7 | Aqueous ammonia |
| 121888-68-4 | Bentonite, benzyl(hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethylammonium stearate complex / organophilic clay |
| 71-43-2 | Benzene |
| 119345-04-9 | Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis, tetratpropylene derivatives, sulfonated, sodium salts |
| 74153-51-8 | Benzenemethanaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]ethyl]-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenamide |
| 10043-35-3 | Boric acid |
| 1303-86-2 | Boric oxide / Boric Anhydride |
| 71-36-3 | Butan-1-ol |
| 68002-97-1 | C10 - C16 Ethoxylated Alcohol |
| 68131-39-5 | C12-15 Alcohol, Ethoxylated |
| 10043-52-4 | Calcium chloride |
| 124-38-9 | Carbon dioxide |
| 68130-15-4 | Carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar |
| 9012-54-8 | Cellulase / Hemicellulase Enzyme |
| 9004-34-6 | Cellulose |
| 10049-04-4 | Chlorine dioxide |
| 77-92-9 | Citric Acid |
| 94266-47-4 | Citrus Terpenes |
| 61789-40-0 | Cocamidopropyl betaine |
| 68155-09-9 | Cocamidopropylamine Oxide |
| 68424-94-2 | Coco-betaine |
| 7758-98-7 | Copper(II) sulfate |
| 31726-34-8 | Crissanol A-55 |
| 14808-60-7 | Crystalline Silica (Quartz) |
| 7447-39-4 | Cupric chloride dihydrate |
| 1120-24-7 | Decyldimethyl Amine |
| 2605-79-0 | Decyl-dimethyl Amine Oxide |
| 3252-43-5 | Dibromoacetonitrile |
| 25340-17-4 | Diethylbenzene |
| 111-46-6 | Diethylene glycol |
| 22042-96-2 | Diethylenetriamine penta (methylenephonic acid) sodium salt |
| 28757-00-8 | Diisopropyl naphthalenesulfonic acid |
| 68607-28-3 | Dimethylcocoamine, bis(chloroethyl) ether, diquaternary ammonium salt |
| 7398-69-8 | Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride |
| 25265-71-8 | Dipropylene glycol |
| 139-33-3 | Disodium Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate |
| 5989-27-5 | D-Limonene |
| 123-01-3 | Dodecylbenzene |
| 27176-87-0 | Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid |
| 42504-46-1 | Dodecylbenzenesulfonate isopropanolamine |
| 50-70-4 | D-Sorbitol / Sorbitol |
| 37288-54-3 | Endo-1,4-beta-mannanase, or Hemicellulase |
| 149879-98-1 | Erucic Amidopropyl Dimethyl Betaine |
| 89-65-6 | Erythorbic acid, anhydrous |
| 54076-97-0 | Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-, chloride, homopolymer |
| 107-21 | -1 Ethane-1,2-diol / Ethylene Glycol |
| 9002-93-1 | Ethoxylated 4-tert-octylphenol |
| 68439-50-9 | Ethoxylated alcohol |
| 126950-60-5 | Ethoxylated alcohol |
| 67254-71-1 | Ethoxylated alcohol (C10-12) |
| 68951-67-7 | Ethoxylated alcohol (C14-15) |
| 68439-46-3 | Ethoxylated alcohol (C9-11) |
| 66455-15-0 | Ethoxylated Alcohols |
| 84133-50-6 | Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14 Secondary) |
| 68439-51-0 | Ethoxylated Alcohols (C12-14) |
| 78330-21-9 | Ethoxylated branch alcohol |
| 34398-01-1 | Ethoxylated C11 alcohol |
| 61791-12-6 | Ethoxylated Castor Oil |
| 61791-29-5 | Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco |
| 61791-08-0 | Ethoxylated fatty acid, coco, reaction product with ethanolamine |
| 68439-45-2 | Ethoxylated hexanol |
| 9036-19-5 | Ethoxylated octylphenol |
| 9005-67-8 | Ethoxylated Sorbitan Monostearate |
| 9004-70-3 | Ethoxylated Sorbitan Trioleate |
| 64-17-5 | Ethyl alcohol / ethanol |
| 100-41-4 | Ethyl Benzene |
| 97-64-3 | Ethyl lactate |
| 9003-11-6 | Ethylene Glycol-Propylene Glycol Copolymer (Oxirane, methyl-, polymer with oxirane) |
| 75-21-8 | Ethylene oxide |
| 5877-42-9 | Ethyloctynol |
| 68526-86-3 | Exxal 13 |
| 61790-12-3 | Fatty Acids |
| 68188-40-9 | Fatty acids, tall oil reaction products w/ acetophenone, formaldehyde & thiourea |
| 9043-30-5 | Fatty alcohol polyglycol ether surfactant |
| 7705-08-0 | Ferric chloride |
| 7782-63-0 | Ferrous sulfate, heptahydrate |
| 50-00-0 | Formaldehyde |
| 29316-47-0 | Formaldehyde polymer with 4,1,1-dimethylethyl phenolmethyl oxirane |
| 153795-76-7 | Formaldehyde, polymers with branched 4-nonylphenol, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide |
| 75-12-7 | Formamide |
| 64-18-6 | Formic acid |
| 110-17-8 | Fumaric acid |
| 65997-17-3 | Glassy calcium magnesium phosphate |
| 111-30-8 | Glutaraldehyde |
| 56-81-5 | Glycerol / glycerine |
| 9000-30-0 | Guar Gum |
| 64742-94-5 | Heavy aromatic petroleum naphtha |
| 9025-56-3 | Hemicellulase |
| 7647-01-0 | Hydrochloric Acid / Hydrogen Chloride / muriatic acid |
| 7722-84-1 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| 79-14-1 | Hydroxy acetic acid |
| 35249-89-9 | Hydroxyacetic acid ammonium salt |
| 9004-62-0 | Hydroxyethyl cellulose |
| 5470-11-1 | Hydroxylamine hydrochloride |
| 39421-75-5 | Hydroxypropyl guar |
| 35674-56-7 | Isomeric Aromatic Ammonium Salt |
| 64742-88-7 | Isoparaffinic Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Synthetic |
| 64-63-0 | Isopropanol |
| 98-82-8 | Isopropylbenzene (cumene) |
| 68909-80-8 | Isoquinoline, reaction products with benzyl chloride and quinoline |
| 8008-20-6 | Kerosene |
| 64742-81-0 | Kerosine, hydrodesulfurized |
| 63-42-3 | Lactose |
| 64742-95-6 | Light aromatic solvent naphtha |
| 1120-21-4 | Light Paraffin Oil |
| 14807-96-6 | Magnesium Silicate Hydrate (Talc) |
| 1184-78-7 | methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide |
| 67-56-1 | Methanol |
| 68891-11-2 | Methyloxirane polymer with oxirane, mono (nonylphenol) ether, branched |
| 8052-41-3 | Mineral spirits / Stoddard Solvent |
| 141-43-5 | Monoethanolamine |
| 44992-01-0 | N,N,N-trimethyl-2[1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy Ethanaminium chloride |
| 64742-48-9 | Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy |
| 91-20-3 | Naphthalene |
| 38640-62-9 | Naphthalene bis(1-methylethyl) |
| 93-18-5 | Naphthalene, 2-ethoxy- |
| 68909-18-2 | N-benzyl-alkyl-pyridinium chloride |
| 68139-30-0 | N-Cocoamidopropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylsulfobetaine |
| 7727-37-9 | Nitrogen, Liquid form |
| 68412-54-4 | Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate |
| 121888-66-2 | Organophilic Clays |
| 64742-65-0 | Petroleum Base Oil |
| 64741-68-0 | Petroleum naphtha |
| 70714-66-8 | Phosphonic acid, [[(phosphonomethyl)imino]bis[2,1-ethanediylnitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakis-, ammonium salt |
| 8000-41-7 | Pine Oil |
| 60828-78-6 | Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-[3,5-dimethyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)hexyl]-w-hydroxy- |
| 25322-68-3 | Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-hydro-w-hydroxy / Polyethylene Glycol |
| 24938-91-8 | Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-tridecyl-ω-hydroxy- |
| 51838-31-4 | Polyepichlorohydrin, trimethylamine quaternized |
| 56449-46-8 | Polyethlene glycol oleate ester |
| 62649-23-4 | Polymer with 2-propenoic acid and sodium 2-propenoate |
| 9005-65-6 | Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate |
| 61791-26-2 | Polyoxylated fatty amine salt |
| 127-08-2 | Potassium acetate |
| 12712-38-8 | Potassium borate |
| 1332-77-0 | Potassium borate |
| 20786-60-1 | Potassium Borate |
| 584-08-7 | Potassium carbonate |
| 7447-40-7 | Potassium chloride |
| 590-29-4 | Potassium formate |
| 1310-58-3 | Potassium Hydroxide |
| 13709-94-9 | Potassium metaborate |
| 24634-61-5 | Potassium sorbate |
| 112926-00-8 | Precipitated silica / silica gel |
| 57-55-6 | Propane-1,2-diol, or Propylene glycol |
| 107-98-2 | Propylene glycol monomethyl ether |
| 68953-58-2 | Quaternary Ammonium Compounds |
| 62763-89-7 | Quinoline,2-methyl-, hydrochloride |
| 15619-48-4 | Quinolinium, 1-(phenylmethl),chloride |
| 7631-86-9 | Silica, Dissolved |
| 5324-84-5 | Sodium 1-octanesulfonate |
| 127-09-3 | Sodium acetate |
| 95371-16-7 | Sodium Alpha-olefin Sulfonate |
| 532-32-1 | Sodium benzoate |
| 144-55-8 | Sodium bicarbonate |
| 7631-90-5 | Sodium bisulfate |
| 7647-15-6 | Sodium bromide |
| 497-19-8 | Sodium carbonate |
| 7647-14-5 | Sodium Chloride |
| 7758-19-2 | Sodium chlorite |
| 3926-62-3 | Sodium chloroacetate |
| 68-04-2 | Sodium citrate |
| 6381-77-7 | Sodium erythorbate / isoascorbic acid, sodium salt |
| 2836-32-0 | Sodium Glycolate |
| 1310-73-2 | Sodium Hydroxide |
| 7681-52-9 | Sodium hypochlorite |
| 7775-19-1 | Sodium Metaborate .8H2O |
| 10486-00-7 | Sodium perborate tetrahydrate |
| 7775-27-1 | Sodium persulfate |
| 9003-04-7 | Sodium polyacrylate |
| 7757-82-6 | Sodium sulfate |
| 1303-96-4 | Sodium tetraborate decahydrate |
| 7772-98-7 | Sodium thiosulfate |
| 1338-43-8 | Sorbitan Monooleate |
| 57-50-1 | Sucrose |
| 5329-14-6 | Sulfamic acid |
| 112945-52-5 | Synthetic Amorphous / Pyrogenic Silica / Amorphous Silica |
| 68155-20-4 | Tall Oil Fatty Acid Diethanolamine |
| 8052-48-0 | Tallow fatty acids sodium salt |
| 72480-70-7 | Tar bases, quinoline derivs., benzyl chloride-quaternized |
| 68647-72-3 | Terpene and terpenoids |
| 68956-56-9 | Terpene hydrocarbon byproducts |
| 533-74-4 | Tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (a.k.a. Dazomet) |
| 55566-30-8 | Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) |
| 75-57-0 | Tetramethyl ammonium chloride |
| 64-02-8 | Tetrasodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate |
| 68-11-1 | Thioglycolic acid |
| 62-56-6 | Thiourea |
| 68527-49-1 | Thiourea, polymer with formaldehyde and 1-phenylethanone |
| 108-88-3 | Toluene |
| 81741-28-8 | Tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride |
| 68299-02-5 | Triethanolamine hydroxyacetate |
| 112-27-6 | Triethylene glycol |
| 52624-57-4 | Trimethylolpropane, Ethoxylated, Propoxylated |
| 150-38-9 | Trisodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate |
| 5064-31-3 | Trisodium Nitrilotriacetate |
| 7601-54-9 | Trisodium orthophosphate |
| 57-13-6 | Urea |
| 25038-72-6 | Vinylidene Chloride/Methylacrylate Copolymer |
| 7732-18-5 | Water |
| 1330-20-7 | Xylene |
| Aliphatic acids | |
| Aliphatic alcohol glycol ether | |
| Alkyl Aryl Polyethoxy Ethanol | |
| Alkylaryl Sulfonate | |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| Aromatic ketones | |
| Oxyalkylated alkylphenol | |
| Petroleum distillate blend | |
| Polyethoxylated alkanol | |
| Polymeric Hydrocarbons | |
| Salt of amine-carbonyl condensate | |
| Salt of fatty acid/polyamine reaction product | |
| Sugar | |
| Surfactant blend |
See also
References
- ↑ Nicholas Kusnetz (April8, 2011). "Fracking Chemicals Cited in Congressional Report Stay Underground". ProPublica. http://www.propublica.org/article/fracking-chemicals-cited-in-congressional-report-stay-underground/single. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ↑ "Natural Gas Development Activities and High‐volume Hydraulic Fracturing". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. pp. 45–51. http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_minerals_pdf/ogdsgeischap5.pdf.
