Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing

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This article is about gasoline and diesel usage and pricing around the world. For for a chronology of oil prices during this time, see 2003 to 2011 world oil market chronology. For information on the price of oil, see price of petroleum. For information on the price of Natural Gas, see Natural gas prices. For the Bloc Party song, see Silent Alarm.
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (September 2008)
File:Fan-Tankstelle von Dynamo Dresden.JPG
Example from Germany 2007, 1.319 €/L=US$7.65/gal

The usage and pricing of gasoline results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply). Since fuels are traded worldwide the trade prices are similar, the price paid by consumers largely reflects national pricing policy: some regions, such as Europe and Japan, impose high taxes on gasoline; others, such as Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, subsidize the cost.[1] Western countries have among the highest usage rates of gasoline per person. The largest consumer of gasoline is the United States, which used an average of 386 million US gallons (1.46 gigalitres) of gasoline each day in 2005.[2]

Gasoline usage and pricing in the United States

This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2010)

U.S. gasoline demand is projected to average 9.12 million barrels per day in 2011. Americans are expected to travel 8.27 billion miles per day in 2011. This equates to an average of 33 miles per vehicle per day. The markup on gasoline in 2010 was 16.3 cents/gallon, or 5.6 percent, and the federal excise tax on gasoline is 18.4 cents per gallon and 24.4 cents per gallon for diesel fuel. In January 2011, motor gasoline taxes averaged 48.1 cents per gallon and diesel fuel taxes averaged 53.1 cents per gallon. Factoring in all gasoline sales in 2009 transactions — whether the customer paid by cash, check or by either debit or credit card — credit and debit card fees averaged 4.7 cents per gallon.[3]

Despite high demand in the country and despite rising fuel costs, gasoline prices were low in the United States when compared with most other Western countries. As of December 21, 2008, the United States average price of self-serve regular unleaded gasoline was $1.65/gal (43.5 cents/litre).[4] Finished motor gasoline amounts to 44% of the total US consumption of petroleum products.[5] This corresponds to 18.5 Exajoules per year. According to national figures from the US Department of Energy, in March 2007 52% of the cost of gasoline went to pay for crude oil, 24% for refining, 15% to taxes, and 9% for distribution and marketing. These had changed to 72.7% for crude oil, 10% for refining, 11% to taxes, and 6% for distribution and marketing.[6]

In 2008, a report by Cambridge Energy Research Associates stated that 2007 had been the year of peak gasoline usage in the United States, and that record energy prices would cause an "enduring shift" in energy consumption practices.[7] According to the report, in April gas consumption had been lower than a year before for the sixth straight month, suggesting 2008 would be the first year US gasoline usage declined in 17 years. The total miles driven in the US began declining in 2006.[8]

Gasoline usage and pricing in Europe

File:Benzinpreis ch monatlich.png
Gasoline and Diesel nominal price development 1994-2008 in Switzerland (CHF/l).

Most European countries have high fuel taxes. The prices have traditionally been three to four times the price in the United States, with prices during 2000-2005 of €1,50/litre (about US$2.14/l or $8.10/gal) while the US had prices around $1.50/gal or $0.40/l. After a large increase until the summer of 2008, the end of 2008 experienced a strong decline linked with a sharp economic downturn, with the average price of gas in the U.S. at $1.87/gal (December 2, 2008). However, the price of gas in Europe is still more than double the US price at €1.45/litre.[9] Russia and some neighboring countries have a much smaller tax, with gasoline prices similar to the US.[citation needed]

Countries with subsidised gasoline

A number of countries subsidize the cost of gasoline and other petroleum products. Subsidies make transport of people and goods cheaper, but discourage fuel efficiency. In some countries, the soaring cost of crude oil since 2003 has led to these subsidies being cut, moving inflation from the government debt to the general populace, sometimes resulting in political unrest.

Fuel subsidies are common in oil-rich countries. Venezuela, which has vast oil reserves, maintains a price of Bs.F 0.097 per litre (around US$0.02), and has done so since 1998.[10] Other countries with subsidized fuel include Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Burma, Malaysia, Kuwait, Trinidad and Tobago, Brunei, Nigeria and Bolivia. On December 26, 2010, the Bolivian government issued a decree removing subsidies which had fixed gasoline and diesel prices for the past seven years. Arguing that illegal export (contraband) to neighboring countries was harming the economy, Bolivia eliminated the subsidies and raised gas prices as much as 83%. After widespread strikes, the Bolivian government canceled all planned price hikes [11]

Indonesia

In March 2005, Indonesia increased the price of gasoline and diesel by 29%, causing widespread protests. The price of gasoline was raised from Rp 1800 (US$0.20) per litre to Rp 2400 (US$0.25) per litre, while diesel rose from Rp 1650 (US$0.18) to Rp 2100 (US$0.23). Prices were increased again in October to Rp 4500 (US$0.48) a litre, an 87.5% rise, for gasoline, while diesel was increased to Rp 4300 (US$0.46), and kerosene, used for cooking, increased from Rp 700 (US$0.08) to Rp 2000 (US$0.22) per litre. The price increases came as oil prices threatened to increase the government's oil subsidy to US$14 billion per year, and caused further protests.

With oil reaching over US$145 a barrel, Indonesia further increased prices on May 24, 2008 to Rp 6000 (approx. US$0.65) per litre, and diesel to Rp 5500 (approx. US$0.60) per litre, while kerosene was raised to Rp 2500 (approx. US$0.28), moves which caused widespread protests.[12] In addition, it was suggested that private car owners, who are wealthy in Indonesian terms, would eventually be excluded from subsidies entirely, with the cheap fuel limited to public transport and motorcycles.

People have been encouraged to switch to LPG for cooking, as Indonesia is the world's largest exporter, whereas its oil industry is in decline, and it is now a net importer.

Malaysia

Malaysia spends US$14 billion subsidising gasoline, diesel and gas each year.[13] Effective June 5, 2008 gasoline prices increased by 40% to RM2.70/litre (US$3.30 a gallon), from RM1.92/litre (US$2.32 a gallon). Diesel prices rose by RM1.00/litre to RM2.58 (US$3.04 per gallon), a 158% increase. It was announced that price increases were planned to bring fuel prices in line with global market cost, suggesting that it may hit US$3.80 per gallon by August. The Malaysian government has also announced a yearly cash rebate of RM625 per year to Malaysian citizens who own cars with an engine capacity of 3,000 cc or less and RM200 tax rebate to cars with an engine capacity of 3,000 cc and above to offset the increased costs.[14] The government introduced a temporary ban on buying fuel within 50 km of the country border, but the ban was suspended following a price increase on June 7, 2008 for petrol of 41% (to MYR2.70 a litre) and for diesel of 63% (to MYR2.58).[15]

On 22 June 2008 the Malaysian government announced plans to set up separate pumps at its border petrol stations to sell fuel to foreigners at market rates so that only locals can benefit from subsidised petrol. The new pumps will target Singaporeans and Thais who make day trips across the border to fill their tanks with cheaper fuel there, although Singapore-registered cars must have their tanks at least ¾ full before they will be permitted to leave Singapore in any case. Petrol stations within 50 km (31 miles) of the country's northern border with Thailand and southern border with Singapore would be affected.[16] Recently, the fuel price has dropped until MYR 2.45 and it has dropped for the second time. A further reduction was made on November 1, 2008. RON97 petrol was reduced from RM2.30 a litre to RM2.15 a litre, RON92 petrol from RM2.20 a litre to RM2.05 a litre and diesel from RM2.20 a litre to RM2.05 a litre. The Government revealed that it had ceased subsidizing petrol as of 1 November 2008 when the price of oil dipped below US$65 per barrel. However subsidies were still being paid for diesel and natural gas.[17]

On 18 November 2008 the Malaysian government made further reductions in the price of gasoline cut pump prices by seven per cent to RM2.00 ringgit per litre and diesel by 15 sen to RM1.90 per litre. The government said that at current prices they were making about 30 sen per litre in sales. Then again on December 3, petrol prices were reduce further. Gasoline prices were reduced 10 sen to RM 1.90 per litre and as for diesel, they were reduced 10 sen to RM 1.80 per litre.[18] On 16 December 2008, the price of RON97 petrol is was reduced further to RM1.80, while RON92 is selling at RM1.70 a litre. The pump price of diesel was reduced to RM1.70 a litre.[19]

From 1 September 2009 however, the price for RON97 increased to RM2.05, while the RON92 has been discontinued and replaced with RON95, at a price of RM1.80.[20]

On 16 July 2010 the RON95 price was raised from RM1.80 to RM1.85. RON97 price increased from RM2.05 to RM2.10 (RON97 currently floats with government controlled monthly countly by average). Diesel Price from RM1.70 to RM1.75. As of 1 August 2010, only Malaysian-registered petrol vehicles may purchase RON95 fuel; foreign-registered vehicles (mainly from Singapore and Thailand) by law can only purchase RON97 (or diesel) at Malaysian service stations.

On 1 April 2011, RON97 increased from RM2.50 to RM2.70. And in May 2011, RON97 further increased to RM2.90, another record high for RON97 in Malaysia. A surprise drop of RM0.10 in June 2011, make it RM2.80 per litre.

Mexico

Mexican president Felipe Calderón has been subsidizing gasoline. This serves to quell inflationary pressures in Mexico. Mexico buys much of its gasoline and diesel from the United States and resells it at US$98 per barrel. Many residents of US border communities cross the border to buy fuel in Mexico,[21] thereby enjoying a fuel subsidy at the expense of Mexican taxpayers. This has caused supply shortages for Mexican drivers, especially truck and bus drivers who use diesel.[22]

Typical gasoline prices around the world

See fuel tax for tax information by country.

The German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) has published a list of worldwide gasoline prices by country every year since 1991. The results for 2008 can be seen in this document. Two week updates for European countries can be consulted at the website of the Touring Club Switzerland.

Country/Territory US$/L (95 RON) US$/US gallon (95 RON) Local units Date of price Sources
Portugal - Açores (tax free) 1.97 7.46 €1.370/L (95 Octane)
€1.430/L (98 Octane)
€1.190/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [2]
Albania 1.29 4.88 ALL145/L (€1.05) (RON 95)
ALL140/L (€1.01) (Diesel) 		2008-08-02 [3]
Algeria 0.41 1.55 30DA/L 95 octane (rare down south)
regular 23DA/L
diesel DA14/L or US$0.2) 		2010-11-7 [4]
Antigua and Barbuda 0.84 3.18 EC$9.95/Imperial gallon (regular), EC$10.95/Imperial gallon (diesel) 2009-02-12 [5]
Andorra 1.64 6.21 €1.142/L (95)
€1.192/L (98)
€1.032/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [6]
Argentina 0.92 3.48 ARS $3.25/L (95), ARS $3.55/L (98), ARS $3.05/L (diesel) 2010-01-13 [7]
Aruba 1.10 4.16 Fl. 1.93/L 2009-12-12 [8]
Australia 1.50 5.68 AU$1.436/L 2011-04-08 [9]
Austria (Wien) 1.95 7.38 €1.352/L (95)
€1.503/L (98)
€1.352/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [10]
Azerbaijan 0.75 2.84 AZN 0.55/L (AI-92), AZN 0.60/L (AI-95), AZN 0.45/L (L-62 Diesel) 2010-11-14 [11]
Bahrain (Manama) 0.27 1.02 BHD 0.100/L (95 Octane)
BHD 0.080/L (90 Octane) 		2008-04-29 [12]
Belarus 1.07 4.1 Br3240/L (95)
Br2580/L (Diesel) 		2010-05-12 [13]
Belgium 2.33 8.82 €1.63/L (Eurosuper 95)
€1.65/L (Super Plus 98)
€1.44/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-07 [14]
Belize 0.95 3.60 BZ$8.46/Imperial gallon (regular), BZ$7.19/Imperial gallon (diesel) 2009-07-18 [15]
Bermuda 1.80 6.81 BMD1.80/L (Super), BMD1.60/L (Diesel) 2010-07-30 [16]
Bolivia 0.54 2.04 B3.74/L (super), B3.72/L (diesel) 2010-12-30 [17]
Bonaire 1.34 5.07 USD 1.34/L (super), USD 0.914/L (diesel) 2011-04-05 [18]
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.66 6.28 KM2.25/L (95)
KM2.30/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [19]
Brazil 1.53 5.79 R$2,54/L 2010-12-21 [20]
Brunei 0.39 1.48 BR$0.53/L 2008-06-05 Brunei Press Sdn Bhd [21]
Bulgaria 1.74 6.59 BGN 2.37/L (95)
BGN 2.55/L (98)
BGN 2.51/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [22]
Burma 0.60 2.27 K3100/Imperial gallon (regular), K3300/Imperial gallon (diesel) 2008-11-21 [23]
Cambodia 1.24 4.69 KhR5100/L 2010-06-24
Canada 1.30 4.92 C$1.30/L 2010-06-30 [24]
Spain - Canary Islands (tax free) 1.43 5.41 €0.99/L (95 RON), €0.91/L (Diesel) 2011-04-06 tcs.ch [25]
Cape Verde 1.40 5.30 Esc103.7/L (gasoline), Esc83.4/L (diesel) 2009-03-23 [26]
Cayman Islands 1.03 3.90 KYD3.79/Imperial gallon (regular), KYD3.75/Imperial gallon (diesel) 2009-09-11 [27]
Chile 1.36 5.15 CLP 592/L 2010-12-23 [28]
China 0.946 3.58 RMB 6.46/L 2010-04-24 [29]
Colombia 1.09 4.13 COL$8000/US gallon (81 Octanos)
COL$9595/US gallon (87 Octanos) 		2010-11-30 [30]
Costa Rica 1.07 4.05 ¢601/L (super), ¢506/L (diesel) 2009-10-01 [31]
Croatia 1.87 7.08 HRK 9.59/L (95)
HRK 10.03/L (98)
HRK 9.28/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [32]
Curacao 1.13 4.28 ANG 2.0175/L (95 RON)
ANG 1.466/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-05 [33]
Cyprus 1.814 6.87 €1,252/L (95 RON)
€1,270/L (Diesel) 		2011-3-29 [34]
Czech Rep 2.01 7.61 CZK 34.20/L (95),
CHZ 35.40/L (98),
CZK 33.70/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [35]
Denmark 2.36 8.93 DKK 12.32/L (€1.65) (95),
DKK 11.13/L (€1.49) (diesel) 		2011-03-10 OK [36]
Dominican Republic 1.62 6.13 RD$234.5/US gallon (regular), RD$202.2/US gallon (diesel) 2011-07-23 [37]
Ecuador 0.53 2.01 US$2.01/US gallon (super) 2009-09-03 [38]
Egypt (Cairo) 0.31 1.17 LE1.3/L <90 octane LE1.75/L 92 octane LE1.1/L diesel ('solar') 2010-11-07 [39]
El Salvador 0.85 3.22 US$3.21/US gallon (regular), US$2.97/US gallon (diesel) 2009-12-21 [40]
Eritrea 2.13 8.06 N32/L(petrol), N12.6/L(diesel) 2009-06-01 [41]
Estonia 1.80 6.81 €1.252/L (95 RON),
€1.292 (98 RON),
€1.307/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [42]
Finland 2.30 8.71 €1.601/L (98E RON)
€1.364/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [43]
France 2.28 8.63 €1.585/L (95),
€1.468/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [44]
Germany 2.21 8.37 €1.55/L (Super E10 or Super E5, 95 RON)
€1.58/L (Super Plus E5, 98 RON)
€1.39/L (Diesel) 		2011-07-07 [45]
Greece 2.29 8.67 €1.593/L (Unleaded), €1.391/L (diesel) 2011-04-06 tcs.ch [46]
Grenada 1.01 3.82 EC$11.98/Imperial gallon (regular), EC$11.71/Imperial gallon (diesel) 2009-12-18 [47]
Guatemala 0.64 2.42 Q19.99/US gallon(regular), Q16.79/US gallon(diesel) 2009-04-14 [48]
Guyana 0.60 2.27 G$549/Imperial gallon (regular) 2009-02-14 [49]
Haiti 0.89 3.37 G134/US gallon (95)
G109/US gallon (diesel) 		2009-01-01 [50]
Honduras 0.87 3.29 L62.15/US gallon (regular), L54.78/US gallon (diesel) 2009-09-06 [51]
Hong Kong 2.16 8.18 HK$17.71/L (Super Unleaded, RON98)
HK$16.77/L (Super Unleaded, RON98)
HK$12.04/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-10 Shell Hong Kong/[52]
Hungary 2.14 8.10 HUF 385/L (95),
HUF 375/L (diesel),
HUF 282/L (E85),
HUF 216/L (LPG) 		2011-04-18 Holtankoljak [53]
Iceland 1.85 7.00 ISK 216/L (€1.37) (95), ISK 219/L (€1.39) (diesel) 2011-02-15 [54]
India 1.58 5.98 7px 69.46/L, 7px 42.06/L (diesel) 2011-05-14
Indonesia 0.59 2.23 Rp 4500/L (RON 88)
Rp 8700/L (RON 92)
Rp 4500/L (Diesel) 		2011-03-17 PT. Pertamina (Persero) [55]
Iran 0.655 2.48 7000 Rials/L 2010-12-19 The Petroenergy Information Network Of Iran/[56]
Ireland 2.15 8.14 €1.490/L (Unleaded 95)
€1.450/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [57]
Israel 2.2 8.33 NIS 7.49/L (95)
NIS 7.8/L (diesel) 		2011-05-1
Italy 2.19 8.29 €1.589/L (95 RON),

€1.715/L (98 RON),
€1.459L (Diesel),
€1.543L (Special_Diesel),
€0.720L (LPG-autogas),
€0.904Kg (Methane-autogas),
In many filling stations is common a €0.04/l (day self-service) to €0.06/l (night self-service).

2011-07-17 prezzibenzina.it
Italy - LIvigno (tax free) 1.53 5.79 €1.085/L (95 Octane)
€0.973/L (Diesel) 		2011-05-01 http://www.prezzibenzina.it/comuni/livigno]
Japan 1.91 7.23 ¥152.7/L 2011-04-25 The Oil Information Center Japan [58]
Jordan 0.99 3.75 D0.70/L (Unleaded 95)
D0.51/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-25
Kenya 1.16 4.4 Sh94/L (Super)
Sh87/L (Diesel) 		2010-12-19 [59]
Kuwait 0.224 0.85 KWD 0.060/L (91)
KWD 0.065/L (95)
KWD 0.090/L (98) 		2010-06-30 KNPC (fixed prices) [60]
Latvia 1.80 6.81 LVL 0.887/L (95),
LVL 0.902/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [61]
Liberia 1.07 4.05 L$280/US gallon 2009-09-11
Libya 0.17 0.64 LD 0.2/L (95), LD 0.15/L (diesel)
Oct 2010: LD135 fuel tax at border for foreign vehicles 		2010-11-07 [62]
Lithuania 1.92 7.27 LTL 4.60/L (95), LTL 4.74/L (diesel) 2011-04-06 tcs.ch [63]
Luxembourg 1.88 7.12 EuroSuper 95 € 1.304/L
SuperPlus 98 € 1.327/L
Diesel € 1.192/L 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [64]
Macedonia 1.42 5.38 MKD 72/L (€1.18) (RON 98)
MKD 70.5/L (€1.15) (RON 95)
MKD 57.5/L (€0.94) (Diesel) 		2010-04-13 [65]
Portugal - Madeira (tax free) 2.09 7.91 €1.454/L (95 Octane)
€1.594/L (98 Octane)
€1.312/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [66]
Malaysia 0.60 2.27 MYR 2.90/L (RON97)
MYR 1.90/L (RON95)
MYR 3.20/L (VPR)
MYR 1.75/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-02 [67]
Malta 1.61 6.1 €1.12/L (Super)
€0.97/L (Diesel) 		2009-07-24 [68]
Mauritania 0.94 3.6 UM265/L petrol
UM225/L diesel.
Prices 10-20% more up north 		2010-11-7 [69]
Mexico (Mexico City) 0.765 2.90 MX$9.08/L 2011-06-13 Pemex [70]
Moldova 1.32 5.00 MDL 15.78/L (95),
MDL 15.07/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [71]
Monaco 1.87 7.08 €1.30/L(95), €1.39/L(98), €1.11/L(diesel) 2009-12-26 [72]
Montenegro 1.93 7.31 €1.340/L (95), €1.300/L (Diesel) 2011-04-06 tcs.ch [73]
Morocco 1.19 4.5 MAD 10.65/L (€0.97) (95)
MAD 7.65/L (€0.69) (Diesel) 		2010-04-18
Mozambique 0.77 2.91 MTn 23.1/L (regular), MTn 22.45/L (diesel) 2009-11-17 [74]
Netherlands 2.52 9.54 €1.747/L (Euro95)
€1.429/L (Diesel)
€1.814/L (Superplus) 		2011-04-14 [75]
New Zealand 1.76 6.66 NZ$2.189/L (91 octane)
NZ$2.259/L (95 octane)
NZ$1.699/L (diesel) 		2011-04-09 [76]/[77] on 2011-04-09
Nicaragua 0.96 3.63 C$19.98/L (premium), C$17.26/L (diesel) 2009-08-24 [78]
Nigeria (Lagos) 0.44 1.67 N65/L 2009-12-25 [79]
North Korea 0.77 2.91 KP? 111/L 2009-12-26 [80], estimated
Norway 2.60 9.84 NOK 14.08/L (95),
NOK 13.52/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [81]
Oman 0.31 1.17 0.12 Rials/L 2007-02-28
Pakistan 0.913 3.46 PKR 83.56/L (Unleaded)
PKR 92.89/L (Diesel) 		2011-04-03 Pakistan State Oil [82]
Palestine (West Bank) 2.04 7.72 NIS 6.95/L (95/diesel) 2011-04-25
Panama 0.83 3.14 US$3.35/US gallon (95), US$2.99/US gallon (diesel) 2009-06-04 [83]
Peru (Lima) 0.95 3.60 PEN S/.10.33/US gallon (95 Octane), S/.8.46/US gallon (diesel) 2009-12-26 PSO/[84]
Philippines (Manila) 1.25 4.73 P 54.55/L 2011-06-14 Shell Philippines [85]
Poland 1.81 6.85 PLN 5.05/L (95),
PLN 4.99/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [86]
Portugal 2.32 8.78 €1.617/L (95)
€1.730/L (98)
€1.421/L (Diesel) 		2011-07-21 maisgasolina.com [87]
Qatar (Doha) 0.22 0.83 QAR 1.00/L (97 Octane)
QAR 0.85/L (90 Octane) 		2011-01-22 [88] / The General Secretariat for Development Planning - State of Qatar
Romania (Bucharest) 1.84 6.97 RON 5.28/L (95), RON 5.31/L (diesel) 2011-04-06 tcs.ch [89]
Russia (Moscow) 0.94 3.56 RUR 30.29/L (RON 98)
RUR 27.29/L (RON 95)
RUR 25.89/L (RON 92)
RUR 23.49/L (RON 80)
RUR 25.29/L (Winter diesel) 		2011-02-24
Russia - Kaliningrad 0.91 3.44 RUR 25.3/L (diesel) 2011-07-15 http://www.ariscard.com/en/maps/countries/ru_klngr2/
Switzerland - Samnaun (tax free) 1.68 6.36 CHF 1.50/L (RON 95)
CHF 1.49/L (€1.05/L) (Diesel) 		2011-04-14 Service station [90]
Saudi Arabia (Riyadh) 0.16 0.61 SAR 0.45/L (91 Octane)
SAR 0.60/L (95 Octane) 		2008-07-31 [23][24][25]

(fixed prices)

Serbia 1.99 7.53 EuroPremium RON 95 RSD 135.9/L (€1.40/L),
EuroSuper RON 98 RSD 148.9/L (€1.54/L),
EuroDiesel RSD 134.9/L (€1.39) 		2011-05-27
Sierra Leone 1.05 3.97 Le4500/L 2011-05-27 [26]
Singapore 1.72 6.51 S$2.13/L (RON 98)
S$2.08/L (RON 95)
S$2.03/L (RON 92)
S$1.62/L (Diesel) 		2011-07-13 Singapore Petroleum Company [91]
Slovakia 2.08 7.87 Average prices
€1.460/L (95 Natural),
€1.343/L (Diesel),
€0.695/L (LPG) 		2011-06-26 AAIreland.ie [92]
Slovenia 1.86 7.04 €1.29/L (95 Octane), €1.24/L (Diesel) 2011-04-06 tcs.ch [93]
South Africa 1.49 5.64 R9.93/L 2011-06-04 Shell [94]
South Korea 1.45 5.49 KRW 1,916/L 2011-06-19 [95]
Spain 1.92 7.27 €1.33/L (95 RON), €1.29/L (Diesel) 2011-04-06 tcs.ch [96]
Sri Lanka 1.46 5.53 LKR 170/L (95 Octane)
LKR 157/L (90 Octane)
LKR 110/L (Diesel) 		2008-06-08 [27][28]
St Lucia 1.00 3.79 EC$2.70/L (regular), EC$2.66/L (diesel) 2009-11-25 [97]
Sweden 2.30 8.71 SEK 14.38/L (95),
SEK 14.19/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [98]
Switzerland 2.03 7.68 CHF 1.81/L (Bleifrei 95),
CHF 1.87/L (Super Plus 98)
CHF 1.94/L (diesel) 		2011-04-06 tcs.ch [99]
Taiwan 0.9978 3.78 NT$30.1/L, 92 unleaded; NT$30.8/L, 95 unleaded; NT$32.3/L, 98 unleaded 2010-12-06 [100]
Togo 1.22 4.62 CFA567/L (regular), CFA599/L (diesel) 2011-06-06 [101]
Thailand 0.93 3.52 ?29.14/L (RON 91)
?26.59/L (Diesel) 		2010-08-31 Shell Thailand [102]
Trinidad and Tobago 0.64 2.42 TT$4/L (premium), TT$2.70/L (super), $1.50/L (diesel) 2008-10-26 www.firstmagazine.com/DownloadSpecialistPublicationDetail.16.ashx
Tunisia 0.99 3.75 TND 1.27/L (€0.67) (95 RON)
TND 0.91/L (€0.48) (Diesel) 		2009-09-24 [103]
Turkey 2.64 9.99 TL 4.32/L (95 RON)
TL 3.66/L (Diesel) 		2011-07-14 [104]
Turkmenistan 0.22 0.83 TMM 3100/L 2008-02-18 [105]
UAE 0.48 1.82 AED 1.61/L (95 Octane)
AED 1.72/L (98 Octane)
AED 2.60/L (Diesel) 		2009-12-30 [106]
http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90778/90858/90863/6963820.html]
Iraq 0.38 1.44 ID 450/L (95 Octane)
ID 000/L (98 Octane)
ID 400/L (Diesel) 		2010-12-30 [107]<
Ukraine 1.24 4.69 UAH 9.90/L (95 Octane)
UAH 9.50/L (diesel) 		2011-04-19 tcs.ch [108]
United Kingdom 2.13 8.06 £ 1.33/L (€1.48) (Unleaded)
£ 1.41/L (€1.57) (Super)
£ 1.37/L (€1.52) (Diesel) 		2011-07-06 Petrolprices.com [109]
United States 1.00 3.79 $3.79/US gallon
$4.08/US gallon(diesel) 		2011-04-11 [110]
Uruguay (Montevideo) 1.52 5.75 U$ 29.7/L 2009-12-26 [111]
Uzbekistan 1.07 4.05 UZ SUM 1755/L (95) 2011-01-01 [112]
Venezuela 0.023 0.09 BsF. 0.097/L (95)
BsF. 0.070/L (91)
BsF. 0.048/L (diesel) 		2010-12-12 [113] (fixed prices) (at "non-essential" exch. rate)
Vietnam 1.03 3.90 VND 21,800/L (RON 95)
VND 21,300/L (RON 92)
VND 21,100/L (Diesel) 		2011-03-29 Petrolimex [114]
Yemen 0.73 2.76 150 Rials/L (diesel) 2009-09-09 [115]
Zambia 1.61 6.09 ZK7639/L (Gasoline) 2010-09-24 [116]

Protests

India

Protests against a hike in fuel prices shut down markets, schools, airports and businesses across India on 5 July 2010, and thousands of people were arrested as violence flared in some cities.[29]

Brazil

In Brazil the gas price reached 3 reais and over and some states, from April to May people made a creative kind of protest, they put only 0,50 cent of reais and asked for a quality test, and fiscal note. the gas prices rose since 2000s from about 1,90 R$ in 2000s to 2,70 in 2011.

References

  1. ↑ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit. "International Fuel Prices 2009" (PDF). http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz2009-en-ifp-full-version.pdf.
  2. ↑ Rong-Gong Lin II and James F. Peltz, Don Lee (2005-03-28). "Drivers Keep On Pumping, Paying". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2005/mar/28/business/fi-demand28. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  3. ↑ Fueling America: A Snapshot of Key Facts and Figures
  4. ↑ "Gas Prices - MSN Autos". MSN. 2008-12-21. http://autos.msn.com/everyday/gasstations.aspx?zip=&pkw=PI&vendor=Paid+Inclusion&OCID=iSEMPI.
  5. ↑ US Energy Information Administration. "US Product Supplied for Crude Oil and Petroleum Products.". http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_cons_psup_dc_nus_mbblpd_a.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
  6. ↑ Energy Information Administration. "Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update". http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/gdu/gasdiesel.asp.
  7. ↑ Ana Campoy (June 20, 2008). "Prices Curtail U.S. Gasoline Use". Wall Street Journal. p. A4. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121392646391690835.html?mod=googlenews_wsj.
  8. ↑ Clifford Krauss (June 19, 2008). "Driving Less, Americans Finally React to Sting of Gas Prices, a Study Says". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/19/business/19gas.html?ref=business.
  9. ↑ "European Prices in Chart"
  10. ↑ Venezuela: Land of 12-Cent Gas
  11. ↑ GTZ: Fuel Price Reform in Bolivia
  12. ↑ AFP: Indonesian police, protesters clash over fuel price hike: reports
  13. ↑ AP (2008-06-03). "Malaysia to lift fuel price controls". Associated Press For Petrol price : old price = rm$1.92/litre (US$0.59/litre or US$2.22/Gallon) increase to new price rm$270.00/litre (US$0.83/litre = US$3.12/Gallon, base on US$1 = RM$3.27); For Diesel price : old price = RM$1.58/litre (US$0.48/litre or US$1.83/Gallon) increase to new price RM$2.58/litre (US$0.79/litre = US$2.98/Gallon, base on US$1 =RM$3.27);. http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D912DPA81&show_article=1. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
  14. ↑ AP (2008-06-04). "Malaysia considers cash handouts as fuel hike looms". Associated Press. http://money.cnn.com/2008/06/04/news/international/gas_subsidies.ap/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-04.
  15. ↑ Reuters (2008-06-05). "Malaysia lifts ban on fuel sales to foreigners". Reuters UK. http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKKLR46220080605. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
  16. ↑ Channel Newsasia (2008-06-22). "Malaysia to set up separate border petrol pumps for foreigners". Channel Newsasia.
  17. ↑ Malaysian Insider (2008-11-18). "Malaysians are now paying petrol tax". Malaysian Insider. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/12622-malaysians-are-now-paying-petrol-tax-. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
  18. ↑ The Straits Times (2008-11-19). "M'sia to dump petrol subsidy?". http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/SE%2BAsia/Story/STIStory_303779.html. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
  19. ↑ "Petrol and diesel down 10 sen". 2008-12-16. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/16/nation/2815077&sec=nation. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
  20. ↑ "RON95 price up 5 sen to RM1.80". 2009-09-01. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/9/1/nation/4625659&sec=nation. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  21. ↑ http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/tijuana/20081127-9999-1b27gas.html
  22. ↑ Wall Street Journal: "Fill 'er Up: Gas Is Cheap in Tijuana, So Californians Buy Big Fuel Tanks" By JOEL MILLMAN and ANA CAMPOY June 24, 2008; Page A1
  23. ↑ GASOLINE -- International gas price schadenfreude Jonathan Drew, The Daily American, (fixed prices) |2007-05-16, per gallon, Cairo, Egypt: $0.86 in May 2007
  24. ↑ Saudi Arabia Market Information Resource and Directory accessdate=2008-05-07
  25. ↑ Saudi Arabian Embassy
  26. ↑ [1]
  27. ↑ "Sri Lanka sharply raises fuel prices". AFP. May 24, 2008. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hrFenYtcsPzr2uHEfPQb9W2s4z8A. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  28. ↑ "Sri Lanka increases fuel prices with immediate effect". Colombo Page. May 25, 2008. http://www.colombopage.com/archive_08/May2513408SL.html. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  29. ↑ Timmons, Heather; Kumar, Hari (2010-07-05). "Protests Over Fuel Costs Idle Much of India". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/06/business/global/06rupee.html?_r=1&ref=global-home.

External links

es:Precio de la gasolina y del diésel

th:การใช้และการตั้งราคาแก๊สโซลีนและน้ำมันดีเซล yi:בענזין פרייזן http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/wrgp/mogas_home_page.html


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